Quistes de rafe medio en el varón. Presentación de nuestra experiencia y revisión de la literatura / Median raphe cysts in men. Presentation of our experience and literature review

Objetivos: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los quistes de rafe medio atendidos en nuestro servicio en los últimos 25 años. Material y método: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 28 varones afectos de quistes de rafe medio intervenidos en nuestro servicio desde junio de 1990 a marzo de 2015. Se analizan la edad de presentación, el motivo de consulta, las manifestaciones clínicas, los hallazgos en el estudio histológico, el tratamiento realizado y la evolución tras su exéresis. Resultados: La mayor parte de los pacientes (22; 79%) estaban asintomáticos y consultaron por el defecto estético; 4 casos (14%) presentaron alteraciones miccionales y 2 (7%) refirieron molestias durante el acto sexual. En todos los casos el tratamiento consistió en la extirpación quirúrgica del quiste, obteniendo excelentes resultados estéticos y funcionales, sin recidiva de la lesión en ninguno de los pacientes durante un seguimiento medio de más de 10 años. El tipo histológico más frecuentemente encontrado fue el de células transicionales en 15 casos (54%), seguido del tipo mixto (transicional y escamoso) en 11 casos (39%); en un caso (6%) fue de tipo escamoso puro y en otro caso (6%) el epitelio fue de tipo glandular. Conclusiones: Los quistes de rafe medio constituyen un tipo infrecuente de disembrioplasia que pueden localizarse en cualquier punto del rafe medio, desde el meato balánico hasta los márgenes del ano. Generalmente son asintomáticos y su tratamiento de elección es la extirpación quirúrgica

Objectives: To present our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of median raphe cysts treated in our department in the last 25 years. Material and method: We conducted a retrospective study of 28 men with median raphe cysts who underwent surgery in our department from June 1990 to March 2015. We analysed the age of presentation, reason for consultation, clinical manifestations, histological findings, treatment and outcome after exeresis. Results: The majority of the patients (22; 79%) were asymptomatic and consulted for the aesthetic defect. Four cases (14%) presented urinary abnormalities, and 2 cases (7%) reported discomfort during sexual intercourse. In all cases, the treatment consisted of surgical extirpation of the cysts, with excellent aesthetic and functional results and no lesion recurrence in any of the patients during a mean follow-up of more than 10years. The most common histological type was the transitional cell type in 15 cases (54%), followed by the mixed type (transitional and squamous) in 11 cases (39%). One case (6%) was pure squamous type, and in another case (6%) the epithelium was glandular. Conclusions: Median raphe cysts are an uncommon type of disembryoplasia that can occur in any location of the median raphe, from the balanic meatus to the edges of the anus. These cysts are generally asymptomatic and their treatment of choice is surgical extirpation

Median raphe cysts in men. Presentation of our experience and literature review. / Quistes de rafe medio en el varón. Presentación de nuestra experiencia y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of median raphe cysts treated in our department in the last 25years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study of 28men with median raphe cysts who underwent surgery in our department from June 1990 to March 2015. We analysed the age of presentation, reason for consultation, clinical manifestations, histological findings, treatment and outcome after exeresis. RESULTS: The majority of the patients (22; 79%) were asymptomatic and consulted for the aesthetic defect. Four cases (14%) presented urinary abnormalities, and 2 cases (7%) reported discomfort during sexual intercourse. In all cases, the treatment consisted of surgical extirpation of the cysts, with excellent aesthetic and functional results and no lesion recurrence in any of the patients during a mean follow-up of more than 10years. The most common histological type was the transitional cell type in 15 cases (54%), followed by the mixed type (transitional and squamous) in 11 cases (39%). One case (6%) was pure squamous type, and in another case (6%) the epithelium was glandular. CONCLUSIONS: Median raphe cysts are an uncommon type of disembryoplasia that can occur in any location of the median raphe, from the balanic meatus to the edges of the anus. These cysts are generally asymptomatic and their treatment of choice is surgical extirpation.

Seguimiento a largo plazo en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria masculina con el sistema Remeex / Long-term follow-up for the treatment of male urinary incontinence with the Remeex system

Objetivos: Poner de manifiesto nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) posprostatectomía con el sistema Remeex masculino (SRM). Asimismo, describimos los elementos que componen dicho sistema, técnica de implantación y su adecuado ajuste. Igualmente, pretendemos comprobar si las últimas modificaciones realizadas en dicho dispositivo, que constituye el SRM-II, han supuesto un menor número de reajustes de la malla. Material y método: Desde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2014 hemos intervenido a 24 varones afectos de IUE posprostatectomía con edades comprendidas entre 55 y 78 años (media 67 años), mediante la colocación de una malla suburetral de tensión regulable tipo Remeex. Todos ellos presentaban una incontinencia urinaria severa con gran afectación de su calidad de vida. Resultados: Todos los pacientes, excepto en 2 casos que precisaron retirada del sistema, se mantienen secos, necesitando ocasionalmente 9 de ellos (39%) compresa de seguridad si realizan ejercicio físico intenso. El número medio de reajustes fue de 2,4 (rango 0-6). La puntuación del Incontinence Impact Questionnaire realizado antes de la intervención y 6 meses después pasa de 79±7 puntos a 11±3, siendo el grado de satisfacción muy elevado. Conclusiones: El SRM constituye una opción terapéutica válida para la incontinencia posprostatectomía, siendo una técnica reproducible, de fácil ejecución, con una baja tasa de complicaciones, proporcionando unos resultados excelentes y duraderos. Asimismo, parece existir una clara tendencia a la disminución del número de reajustes con el nuevo SRM-II

Objectives: To relate our experience in treating postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with the male Remeex system (MRS). We also list the elements that comprise this system, the implantation technique and its proper adjustment. Similarly, we attempt to determine whether the latest changes made to this device, which constitute the MRS-II, have resulted in fewer mesh readjustments. Material and method: From March 2007 to March 2014, we operated on 24 men with postprostatectomy SUI between the ages of 55 and 78 years (mean, 67 years), through the placement of a Remeex suburethral tension-adjustable sling. All patients had severe urinary incontinence, with considerable impact on their quality of life. Results: All patients, except for 2 who required the removal of the system, remained continent. Nine of the patients (39%) occasionally required incontinence pads when performing intense physical exercise. The mean number of adjustments was 2.4 (range 0-6). The score on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ 7) performed before the surgery and 6 months after, went from 79±7 points to 11±3, with a very high degree of satisfaction. Conclusions: The MRS is a valid therapeutic option for postprostatectomy incontinence and is a reproducible technique that is easy to perform, has a low rate of complications and provides excellent and lasting results. There is also a clear trend towards reducing number of adjustments with the new MRS-II

Long-term follow-up for the treatment of male urinary incontinence with the Remeex system. / Seguimiento a largo plazo en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria masculina con el sistema Remeex.

OBJECTIVES: To relate our experience in treating postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with the male Remeex system (MRS). We also list the elements that comprise this system, the implantation technique and its proper adjustment. Similarly, we attempt to determine whether the latest changes made to this device, which constitute the MRS-II, have resulted in fewer mesh readjustments. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From March 2007 to March 2014, we operated on 24 men with postprostatectomy SUI between the ages of 55 and 78 years (mean, 67 years), through the placement of a Remeex suburethral tension-adjustable sling. All patients had severe urinary incontinence, with considerable impact on their quality of life. RESULTS: All patients, except for 2 who required the removal of the system, remained continent. Nine of the patients (39%) occasionally required incontinence pads when performing intense physical exercise. The mean number of adjustments was 2.4 (range 0-6). The score on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ 7) performed before the surgery and 6 months after, went from 79±7 points to 11±3, with a very high degree of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The MRS is a valid therapeutic option for postprostatectomy incontinence and is a reproducible technique that is easy to perform, has a low rate of complications and provides excellent and lasting results. There is also a clear trend towards reducing number of adjustments with the new MRS-II.

[Rhabdomyolysis after laparoscopic nephrectomy: case report]. / Rabdomiolisis tras nefrectomía laparoscópica; a propósito de un caso.

OBJECTIVE: To show the clinical management of rhabdomyolysis secondary to laparoscopic surgery and how clinical treatment may be enough for adequate resolution. METHODS: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a routine technique, which may have associated morbidity. We present one case of rhabdomyolysis which presented as gluteal pain and functional impotency, together with skin lesions, acute renal failure and elevated muscle enzymes. RESULTS: In our case, the patient had a satisfactory outcome with medical treatment. We perform a bibliographic review in which we identify multiple risk factors, such as body mass index, surgical time, position during operation with lateral decubitus and 40-60 degrees flexion. Prevention is the most important factor to avoid acute renal failure secondary to myoglobin. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention, early detection, and immediate start of therapeutic measures are essential for the good resolution of rhabdomyolysis after surgery.

Litiasis ureteral en paciente portadora de derivación urinaria tipo Bricker / Ureteral lithiasis in a patient with Bricker type urine diversion

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Rabdomiolisis tras nefrectomía laparoscópica; a propósito de un caso / Rhabdomyolysis after laparoscopic nephrectomy: case report

Objetivos: Nos planteamos en este caso clínico mostrar el manejo de la rabdomiolisis secundaria a la cirugía laparoscópica y como el tratamiento médico puede ser suficiente para una correcta resolución del mismo. Métodos: La nefrectomía laparoscópica es una técnica de rutina, no exenta de morbilidad asociada. Presentamos un caso de rabdomiolisis que debutó como dolor glúteo e impotencia funcional, junto con alteraciones cutáneas, insuficiencia renal aguda y enzimas musculares elevadas. Resultados: En nuestro caso el paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente con tratamiento médico. Hacemos una revisión de la literatura publicada, donde se identifican múltiples factores de riesgo, tales como el IMC (índice de masa corporal), tiempo quirúrgico, la posición durante el acto quirúrgico en decúbito lateral con flexión 40-60°. La prevención es el factor más importante para evitar la insuficiencia renal aguda por mioglobina. Conclusiones: La prevención, la detección precoz y la instauración inmediata de medidas terapeúticas son fundamentales para la buena resolución del cuadro de rabdomiolisis tras cirugía (AU)

Objective: To show the clinical management of rhabdomyolysis secondary to laparoscopic surgery and how clinical treatment may be enough for adequate resolution. Methods: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a routine technique, which may have associated morbidity. We present one case of rhabdomyolysis which presented as gluteal pain and functional impotency, together with skin lesions, acute renal failure and elevated muscle enzymes. Results: In our case, the patient had a satisfactory outcome with medical treatment. We perform a bibliographic review in which we identify multiple risk factors, such as body mass index, surgical time, position during operation with lateral decubitus and 40-60° flexion. Prevention is the most important factor to avoid acute renal failure secondary to myoglobin. Conclusions: Prevention, early detection, and immediate start of therapeutic measures are essential for the good resolution of rhabdomyolysis after surgery (AU)

[Use of urography by magnetic resonance for the study of the urinary apparatus versus conventional urography]. / Uso de la urografia por resonancia magnética en el estudio del aparato urinario frente a la urografía convencional.

UNLABELLED: Conventional urography (IVU) is an essential examination for the assessment of urinary tract but it is not free of complications, such as adverse reactions to contrast agents used (vasovagal and anaphylactic reactions), neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, as well as the damage due to the ionizing irradiation applied to the patient. For this reason, alternative imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) urography or uro-resonance have been developed. OBJECTIVE: We present a case study assessing the diagnostic accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of uro-resonance and IVU as a morphological and functional examination of the urinary tract: and a quality study of the urographic images obtained with MR versus IVU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 150 patients have submited to a MR study, 63 of them with an IVU study already performed, acquiring high-intensity signals at T2 corresponding to abdominal and retroperitoneal fluid, initially using furosemide at low doses and, in a final study, administering gadolinium at a rate of 0.1 mg/Kg. The test was indicated in patients with antecedents of adverse reactions to iodine contrast, acute or chronic kidney failure, functional cancellation of the kidneys, pregnant patients and those in paediatric age. The capacity of diagnosis of urinary obstruction and the aetiology of this obstruction of both tests was studied, as well as the quality of the images obtained by the urographic study using MR. RESULTS: High resolution images were obtained of all the upper urinary tracts using MR, especially in the renal pelvis, without artefacts caused by peristalsis or intestinal fluid interposition. In 83.3% of cases, examinations revealed urological pathology. The diagnostic accuracy of the involvement cause of the urinary tract was 83.3%, with a sensitivity of 89.6%, a specificity of 69.2%. a positive predictive value of 86.6% and a negative predictive value of 75%. CONCLUSION: MR urography is a high sensitive technique for the study of urinary tract, used as an alternative to conventional urography particularly in cases of the contraindication of ionizing radiation or allergy to the contrast agent, as well as in patients with renal failure, and offers a wider morphological and functional study, with a high image quality, able to displace conventional examinations in the short or medium term.

Uso de la urografía por resonancia magnética en el estudio del aparato urinario frente a la urografía convencional / Use of urography by magnetic resonance for the study of the urinary apparatus versus conventional urography

La urografía convencional (UIV) es una exploración fundamental en la valoración del aparato urinario no exenta de morbilidad, como reacciones adversas al contraste (vasovagales y anafilácticas), neurotoxicidad, nefrotoxicidad, así como la irradiación ionizante a la que somete al paciente. Por este motivo se desarrollan técnicas de imagen alternativas como la urografía por resonancia magnética (RM) o urorresonancia. Objetivos: Presentamos un estudio que valora la precisión diagnóstica, especificidad y sensibilidad de la urorresonancia y de la UIV como exploración morfológica y funcional del aparato urinario; así como de la calidad de las imágenes urográficas obtenidas con la RM frente a la UIV. Material y métodos: 150 pacientes han sido sometidos a un estudio de RM, en 63 de ellos se realizó también estudio urográfico convencional, con apreciación de señales de alta intensidad en T2 correspondientes al fluido abdominal y retroperitoneal, empleando previamente furosemida a bajas dosis, y en un estudio final, administrando gadolinio a razón de 0,1 mg./Kg. La prueba fue indicada en pacientes con antecedentes de reacciones adversas al contraste yodado, fracaso renal agudo o crónico, anulación funcional renal, pacientes embarazadas y en edad infantil así como cuando la UIV no fue diagnóstica. Se estudió la capacidad de ambas pruebas para el diagnóstico de obstrucción urinaria y de la etiología de esta. También se evalúo la calidad de las imágenes que ofrece el estudio urográfico con RM. Resultados: Se obtuvieron imágenes de alta resolución con la RM de toda la vía urinaria superior, especialmente de pelvis renal, no artefactadas por la peristalsis o la interposición del fluido intestinal. En el 83,3% de los casos la exploración reveló patología urológica. La precisión diagnóstica de la causa de afectación del aparato urinario fue de un 83,3%, con una sensibilidad del 89,6%, una especificidad del 69,2%, valor predictivo positivo del 86,6% y valor predictivo negativo del 75%. Conclusión: La urografía por RM es una técnica con una elevada sensibilidad para el estudio del aparato urinario, que puede ser empleada como alternativa a la urografía convencional especialmente en los casos de contraindicación de la radiación ionizante, alergia al contraste, así como en pacientes con fracaso renal, pero que ofrece un estudio morfológico y funcional más amplio, con elevada calidad de imágenes, pudiendo desplazar a los estudios convencionales en un plazo corto o medio de tiempo

Conventional urography (IVU) is an essential examination for the assessment of urinary tract but it is not free of complications, such as adverse reactions to contrast agents used (vasovagal and anaphylactic reactions), neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, as well as the damage due to the ionizing irradiation applied to the patient. For this reason, alternative imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) urography or uro-resonance have been developed. Objective: We present a case study assessing the diagnostic accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of uro-resonance and IVU as a morphological and functional examination of the urinary tract; and a quality study of the urographic images obtained with MR versus IVU. Materials and methods: 150 patients have submited to a MR study, 63 of them with an IVU study already performed, acquiring high-intensity signals at T2 corresponding to abdominal and retroperitoneal fluid, initially using furosemide at low doses and, in a final study, administering gadolinium at a rate of 0.1 mg/Kg. The test was indicated in patients with antecedents of adverse reactions to iodine contrast, acute or chronic kidney failure, functional cancellation of the kidneys, pregnant patients and those in paediatric age. The capacity of diagnosis of urinary obstruction and the aetiology of this obstruction of both tests was studied, as well as the quality of the images obtained by the urographic study using MR. Results: High resolution images were obtained of all the upper urinary tracts using MR, especially in the renal pelvis, without artefacts caused by peristalsis or intestinal fluid interposition. In 83.3% of cases, examinations revealed urological pathology. The diagnostic accuracy of the involvement cause of the urinary tract was 83.3%, with a sensitivity of 89.6%, a specificity of 69.2%, a positive predictive value of 86.6% and a negative predictive value of 75%. Conclusion: MR urography is a high sensitive technique for the study of urinary tract, used as an alternative to conventional urography particularly in cases of the contraindication of ionizing radiation or allergy to the contrast agent, as well as in patients with renal failure, and offers a wider morphological and functional study, with a high image quality, able to displace conventional examinations in the short or medium term

Complicaciones de la prostatectomía radical: evolución y manejo conservador de la incontinencia urinaria / Radical prostatectomy complications: evolution and conservative management of urinary incontinence

Objetivos: La prostatectomía radical retropúbica continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección para el cáncer de próstata órganoconfinado. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el que valoramos las complicaciones de esta cirugía y su evolución en el tiempo así como la cantidad del tratamiento conservador, especialmente la rehabilitación perineal precoz, en la recuperación de la continencia tras esta intervención. Material y métodos: Durante el período comprendido entre diciembre de 1998 a enero del 2005 hemos intervenido en nuestro servicio a 168 pacientes afectos de adenocarcinoma prostático confinado clínicamente a la glándula mediante prostatectomía radical retropúbica. Retiramos la sonda vesical el decimocuarto día del postoperatorio. A los pacientes que presentarion incontinencia urinaria (IU) de esfuerzo se les instruyó para la realización de ejercicios para fortalicer el suelo pélvico. Realizamos un seguimiento clínico el primer, tercer y sexto mes tras la cirugía, y posteriormente de forma semestral. Resultados: De los 168 pacientes intervenidos, el 15% requirió hemotransfusión en el postoperatorio inmediato. Otras complicaciones precoces, de mucha menos incidencia, fueron la perforación intestinal, la infección de la herida quirurgica y la foramción de hematoma en el lecho quirúrgico. Entre las complicaciones tardías más frecuentes registramos la disfunción eréctil, que se presentó en 164 pacientes (98%), alteraciones miccionales en 32 pacientes (19%) y alteraciones intestinales en aproximadamente el 11%. Entre las alteraciones miccionales encontradas, la más frecuente fue la IU (64%) si bien la mayoría de ellas eran de carácter leve (34%) y todas mejoraron durante los primeros seis meses posteriores a la cirugía. Conclusiones: La IU es el principal condicionante de la calidad de vida de los pacientes que son sometidos a prostatectomía radical. Si bien el porcentaje de pacientes que la presenta es alto, la mayoría son de grado leve o moderado y pueden mejorar ostensiblemente con los ejercicios de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico, constituyéndose así como un arma fundamental en el menejo de estos pacientes, acompañada o no del uso de absorbentes, de la terapia farmacológica o del empleo de colectores peneanos

Objectives: Radical retropubic prostatectomy is the major procedure for curing early stage prostate cancer. In this retrospective study we valued the complication of this surgery and its evolution in time, as well as the efectiveness of the urinary incontinence preservative treatment in the recovery of urinary incontinence. Materials and methods: During the period between december of 1998 to january of the 2005 we have treated 168 patients suffering prostatic adenocarcinoma clinically confined to the gland by means of retropubic radical prostatectomy. We removed the vesical catheter the fourteenth day of the postoperative and made a clinical monitoring the first, third and sixth month after the surgery, and there after every six monoths. Results. Of the 168 patients who underwent clinical surgery, 15% required postoperative blood transfusion inthe immediate postoperative. Other complications, with a lower incidence, were the intestinal perforation, surgical wound infection and the haematoma. The most frequent delayed complications we registered erectile dysfunction, observed in 164 patients (98%), micturition alterations in 32 patients (19%) and intestinal alterations in approximately 11%. Among the micturitional alterations in 32 patients (19%) and intestinal alterations in approximately 11%. Among the micturitional alterations found, the most frequent (64%) was the Urinary Incontinence (UI). However, most of them were of minor importance (34%) and all improved during the first six months after the surgery. We advised patients with minor and moderate UI to perform pelvic floor muscle training, being very useful since they allowed to anticipate the recovery of continence. Conclusions. Radical prostatectomy continues to the most effective treatment for the non spared prostate cancer, in spite, of the associated morbidity. The IU is the main factor for the high standard of living these patients. Despite the number of patients with UI being so high, most cases are moderate and minor and may improve with pelvic floor muscle training. Hence, this is a significant tool to tackle this illness, whether in connection with the use of absorbent, the pharmacologic therapy or the use of penile collectors

[Endoscopic treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia with local anesthesia and sedation in patients with high surgical or anaesthesical risk]. / Tratamiento endoscópico de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata bajo anestesia local-sedación en pacientes de alto riesgo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: [corrected] The aging of the population causes an increase of the number of men affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with a large number of pathology associated that may limit its surgical treatment. In this study we try to show the effectiveness and security of local anaesthesia and sedation in the endoscopic treatment of the BPH in patients with high surgical-anaesthetic risk. METHODS: During the last 4 years, 38 patients underwent surgical treatment of BPH with ages between 78 and 86 years (average 81,4 +/- 3,2) with severe obstructive prostatic syndrome and high surgical-anaesthetic risk. 15 patients underwent, transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP) and in 23 patients, transurethral resection (TURP) was performed. The blockade anesthetic was made by transrectal periprostatic infiltration finger-guided with 10-15 millilitres of lidocaine 2%. During the procedure an intravenous perfusion of propofol and remifentanil was administered. The obtained results as well as the patient's satisfaction degree was evaluated by means of the elaboration of a questionnaire. RESULTS: The average length of the surgical treatment was of 12 +/- 5 minutes (rank 8 - 25), having itself not stated complications derived from the anesthetic technique. They referred a slight annoyance 4 patients (11%) that was treated increasing the rate of the sedative perfusión. The satisfaction's degree with the received treatment has been good in the 95% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that the TUIP as much as TURP made under local anesthesia with sedation are safe, effective methods and well tolerated, that fundamentally are indicated in aged patients and when the surgical-anesthetic risk is elevated.

[Diagnosis and management of cystic dysplasia of the seminal vesicle]. / Sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la displasia quística de la vesícula seminal.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cystic dysplasia of the seminal vesicle represents a rare congenital urologic anomaly of which elective treatment is controversial. We present our experience in the diagnosis and management of this uncommon pathology. PATIENTS AND METHOD: During the last twelve years we have managed eight patients affected by this pathology. The diagnosis was incidental in the three asymptomatic patients, while the other five consulted because of low urinary tract sympthoms. Ectopic drainage of the ureter in the pathological seminal vesicle was found in three of the patients. Two of these patients presented large pelvic and ureteral ectasy. Other five patients presented renal agenesis. RESULTS: In asymptomatic patients we adopted an expectant attitude, while the other five patients underwent surgical treatment. We performed open surgery in the two cases presenting ureterohydronephrosis, whereas in the other three we performed transurethral incision of the seminal vesicle. We obtained excellent results in all of them, with no evidence of symptomatic pseudodiverticulum. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral incision of the seminal vesicle cyst is a minimal invasive procedure with low morbidity. We have proved in all of our cases that the retraction of the cyst was practically complete, this has led us into believing that transurethral incision is the elective treatment. Therefore, open surgery would only be indicated in cases of failure of the procedure due to existence of symptomatic pseudodiverticulum, or in patients presenting renoureteral ectasy associated.

Sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la displasia quística de la vesícula seminal / Diagnosis and management of cystic dysplasia of the seminal vesicle

Introducción y objetivo: La displasia quística de la vesícula seminal representa una rara anomalía congénita urológica cuyo tratamiento de elección es controvertido. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta infrecuente entidad. Pacientes y método: Durante los últimos 12 años hemos atendido a 8 pacientes afectos de esta patología. En 3 de ellos, asintomáticos, el diagnóstico fue incidental, mientras que los 5 restantes consultaron por síntomas del tracto urinario inferior. En 3 pacientes se halló desembocadura ectópica de un uréter remanente en la vesícula patológica, 2 de ellos con importante ectasia renoureteral. Los otros 5 pacientes presentaron agenesia renal. Resultados: En los pacientes asintomáticos adoptamos una actitud expectante, optando por la cirugía en los otros 5. Realizamos cirugía exerética en los 2 casos que presentaban ureterohidronefrosis, mientras que en los otros 3 realizamos incisión endoscópica de la vesícula seminal, obteniendo excelentes resultados en todos ellos, sin evidenciarse aparición de pseudodivertículo sintomático. Conclusiones: La incisión transuretral endoscópica del quiste de la vesícula seminal es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo y con escasa morbilidad, habiendo constatado la retracción prácticamente completa del quiste en todos nuestros casos, por lo que la consideramos de elección para el tratamiento de los pacientes afectos de dicha entidad, reservando la cirugía abierta para los casos en los que fracase la técnica por aparición de un pseudodivertículo sintomático y en los pacientes que presenten asociada ectasia del remanente renoureteral

Introduction and objectives: Cystic dysplasia of the seminal vesicle represents a rare congenital urologic anomaly of which elective treatment is controversial. We present our experience in the diagnosis and management of this uncommon pathology. Patients and method: During the last twelve years we have managed eight patients affected by this pathology. The diagnosis was incidental in the three asymptomatic patients, while the other five consulted because of low urinary tract sympthoms. Ectopic drainage of the ureter in the pathological seminal vesicle was found in three of the patients. Two of these patients presented large pelvic and ureteral ectasy. Other five patients presented renal agenesis. Results: In asymptomatic patients we adopted an expectant attitude, while the other five patients underwent surgical treatment. We performed open surgery in the two cases presenting ureterohydronephrosis, whereas in the other three we performed transurethral incision of the seminal vesicle. We obtained excellent results in all of them, with no evidence of symptomatic pseudodiverticulum. Conclusions: Transurethral incision of the seminal vesicle cyst is a minimal invasive procedure with low morbidity. We have proved in all of our cases that the retraction of the cyst was practically complete, this has led us into believing that transurethral incision is the elective treatment. Therefore, open surgery would only be indicated in cases of failure of the procedure due to existence of symptomatic pseudodiverticulum, or in patients presenting renoureteral ectasy associated

Tratamiento endoscópico de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata bajo anestesia local-sedación en pacientes de alto riesgo / Endoscopic treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia with local anesthesia and sedation in patients with high surgical or anaesthesical risk

Introducción y objetivo: El envejecimiento de la población comporta un incremento del número de varones afectos de hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP) con múltiple patología asociada que limita su tratamiento quirúrgico. Con este estudio pretendemos poner de manifiesto la eficacia y seguridad del empleo de anestesia local-sedación para el tratamiento endoscópico de la HBP en pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico-anestésico. Método: Durante los últimos 4 años hemos intervenido a 38 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 78 y 86 años (media 81,4 ± 3,2) con síndrome de prostatismo obstructivo severo y riesgo quirúrgico-anestésico elevado. En 15 pacientes se practicó incisión transuretral de próstata (ITUP) y en los 23 restantes resección transuretral (RTUP). El bloqueo anestésico se realizó mediante infiltración periprostática transrectal digito-dirigida con 10-15 ml de lidocaína al 2%. Durante el procedimiento se administró una perfusión intravenosa de propofol y remifentanilo. Se evalúan los resultados obtenidos así como el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario. Resultados: La duración media de la intervención fue de 12 ± 5 minutos (rango 8 - 25), no habiéndose constatado complicaciones derivadas de la técnica anestésica. Refirieron una molestia leve 4 pacientes (11%) que se resolvió aumentando la velocidad de la perfusión sedante. El grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento recibido ha sido del 95%. Conclusiones: Consideramos que tanto la ITUP como RTUP realizadas bajo anestesia local-sedación son métodos seguros, eficaces y bien tolerados, que están fundamentalmente indicados en pacientes añosos y cuando el riesgo quirúrgico-anestésico es elevado

Introduction and objetive: The aging of the population causes an increase of the number of men affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with a large number of pathology associated that may limit its surgical treatment. In this study we try to show the effectiveness and security of local anaesthesia and sedation in the endoscopic treatment of the BPH in patients with high surgical- anaesthetic risk. Methods: During the last 4 years, 38 patients underwent surgical treatment of BPH with ages between 78 and 86 years (average 81,4± 3,2) with severe obstructive prostatic syndrome and high surgical-anaesthetic risk. 15 patients underwent, transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP) and in 23 patients, transurethral resection (TURP) was performed. The blockade anesthetic was made by transrectal periprostatic infiltration finger-guided with 10-15 millilitres of lidocaine 2%. During the procedure an intravenous perfusion of propofol and remifentanil was administered. The obtained results as well as the patient’s satisfaction degree was evaluated by means of the elaboration of a questionnaire . Results: The average length of the surgical treatment was of 12 ± 5 minutes (rank 8 - 25), having itself not stated complications derived from the anesthetic technique. They referred a slight annoyance 4 patients (11%) that was treated increasing the rate of the sedative perfusión. The satisfaction’s degree with the received treatment has been good in the 95% of patients. Conclusions: We considered that the TUIP as much as TURP made under local anesthesia with sedation are safe, effective methods and well tolerated, that fundamentally are indicated in aged patients and when the surgical-anesthetic risk is elevate

[Radical prostatectomy complications: evolution and conservative management of urinary incontinence]. / Complicaciones de la prostatectomia radical: evolución y manejo conservador de la incontinencia urinaria.

OBJECTIVES: Radical retropubic prostatectomy is the major procedure for curing early stage prostate cancer. In this retrospective study we valued the complications of this surgery and its evolution in time, as well as the efectiveness of the urinary incontinence preservative treatment in the recovery of urinary continence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period between december of 1998 to january of the 2005 we have treated 168 patients suffering prostatic adenocarcinoma clinically confined to the gland by means of retropubic radical prostatectomy. We removed the vesical catheter the fourteenth day of the postoperative and made a clinical monitoring the first, third and sixth month after the surgery, and thereafter every six months. RESULTS: Of the 168 patients who underwent clinical surgery, 15% required postoperative blood transfusion in the immediate postoperative. Other complications, with a lower incidence, were the intestinal perforation, surgical wound infection and the haematoma. The most frequent delayed complications we registered were erectile dysfunction, observed in 164 patients (98%), micturition alterations in 32 patients (19%) and intestinal alterations in approximately 11%. Among the micturitional alterations found, the most frequent (64%) was the Urinary Incontinence (UI). However, most of them were of minor importance (34%) and all improved during the first six months after the surgery. We advised patients with minor and moderate UI to perform pelvic floor muscle training, being very useful since they allowed to anticipate the recovery of continence. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy continues to be the most effective treatment for the non spared prostate cancer, in spite of the associated morbidity. The IU is the main factor for the high standard of living these patients. Despite the number of patients with UI being so high, most cases are moderate and minor and may improve with pelvic floor muscle training. Hence, this is a significant tool to tackle this illness, whether in connection with the use of absorbent, the pharmacologic therapy or the use of penile collectors.

[Correction of the penile curvature in ambulatory surgery]. / Corrección del pene curvo en cirugía mayor ambulatoria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results obtained in the correction of the curved penis by means of Nesbit's technique during the four first years of integration of our Service in the Major Ambulatory Surgery Unit (CMA) of our Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From January of 2000 to April of 2004 we intervened in ambulatory regime 21 patient suffering from curved penis (12 congenital and 9 with Peyronie's disease) by means of Nesbit's technique. The surgical-anesthetic performed procedure is described and also the criteria of inclusion and discharge are evaluated, as well as the results obtained and the degree of satisfaction by means of the elaboration of a questionnaire. RESULTS: None of the patients needed entrance for intrasurgery nor postsurgery complications. Thus, we obtained a null incidence of complications with the exception of the inevitable shortening of the penis, clearly independent from the regime of out-patient's process. The degree of satisfaction with the received treatment has been superior to 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The practical totality of the susceptible patients for surgical correction of penile curvature are candidates to be included in a CMA program, improving obviously the relation cost-efficacy, not diminishing for that reason the welfare quality nor the degree of patient's satisfaction.

Corrección del pene curvo en cirugía mayor ambulatoria / Correction of the penile curvature in ambulatory surgery

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados obtenidos en la corrección del pene curvo mediante la técnica de Nesbit durante los cuatro primeros años de integración de nuestro Servicio en la Unidad de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (CMA) de nuestro Hospital. Pacientes y método: Desde enero de 2000 hasta abril de 2004 hemos intervenido en régimen ambulatorio a 21 pacientes afectos de pene curvo (12 congénito y 9 con enfermedad de Peyronie) mediante la técnica de Nesbit. Se describe el procedimiento quirúrgico-anestésico realizado y también se evalúan los criterios de inclusión y alta, así como los resultados obtenidos y el grado de satisfacción mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario. Resultados: Ninguno de los pacientes precisó ingreso por complicación intra ni postoperatoria. Así, hemos tenido una nula incidencia de complicaciones a excepción del inevitable acortamiento del pene, claramente independiente del régimen de ambulatorización del proceso. El grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento recibido ha sido superior al 95%. Conclusiones: La práctica totalidad de los pacientes susceptibles de corrección quirúrgica de incurvación peneana son candidatos a ser incluidos en un programa de CMA, mejorando ostensiblemente la relación costo-eficacia, no disminuyendo por ello la calidad asistencial ni el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the results obtained in the correction of the curved penis by means of Nesbit’s technique during the four first years of integration of our Service in the Major Ambulatory Surgery Unit (CMA) of our Hospital. Patients and method: From January of 2000 to April of 2004 we intervened in ambulatory regime21 patient suffering from curved penis (12 congenital and 9 with Peyronie´s disease) by means of Nesbit’s technique. The surgical-anesthetic performed procedure is described and also the criteria of inclusion and discharge are evaluated, as well as the results obtained and the degree of satisfaction by means of the elaboration of a questionnaire. Results: None of the patients needed entrance for intrasurgery or postsurgery complications. Thus, we obtained a null incidence of complications with the exception of the inevitable shortening of the penis, clearly independent from the regime of out-patient’s process. The degree of satisfaction with the received treatment has been superior to 95%. Conclusions: The practical totality of the susceptible patients for surgical correction of penile curvature are candidates to be included in a CMA program, improving obviously the relation cost-efficacy, not diminishing for that reason the welfare quality nor the degree of patients’s satisfaction (AU)

[The impact of creating andrology units on the treatment of erectile dysfunction with intracavernosal injections]. / Impacto de la creación de las unidades de andrología en el tratamiento por inyecciones intracavernosas de la disfunción eréctil.

OBJECTIVE: The impact of the creation of the andrology unit on intracavernous injection therapy for erectile dysfunction is analyzed in the present study. METHODS: The records of patients treated by intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs for erectile dysfunction from 1990 to 1997 were reviewed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Demands for solutions to the problem of erectile dysfunction have significantly increased over the last decades. The efficacy of intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of erectile dysfunction has been demonstrated. After the creation of the andrology unit within the urology services, patient acceptance of treatment and compliance increased, and complications have diminished.

[Adrenal gland myelolipoma: review of the bibliography regarding a case]. / Mielolipoma suprarrenal: revisión bibliográfica a propósito de un caso.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an additional case of this rare disease entity, with special reference to its diagnosis and treatment, and to briefly review the literature. METHODS: We report on an 82-year-old male with adrenal myelolipoma that had been incidentally discovered during evaluation for another condition. A left adrenalectomy was performed due to the large size of the tumor and in order to determine its benign or malignant nature. RESULTS: The histopathological findings disclosed an andrenal myelolipoma. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal myelolipoma is an uncommon tumor type. CT is the most effective diagnostic method. Surgery is advocated in symptomatic cases and in asymptomatic cases with a large tumor mass.